Localizing Nystagmus
See-saw - parasellar area (e.g. craniopharyngioma), midbrain
Opsoclonus - neuroblastoma [usually from adrenals]
Periodic alternating nystagmus - cervicomedullary junction, cerebellar nodulus
Downbeat - cervicomedullary junction (e.g. Chiari type 1 malformation), cerebellar flocculus
Upbeat - cerebellum, medulla, midbrain, medicamentation, alcohol
Spasmus nutans -- usually no tumor; but similar nystagmus with parasellar/hypothalamic tumors
Bruns-Cushing - cerebellopontine angle, acousitc neuroma, menigeoma
Torsional - Brainstem
Pendular - Blindness, optic neuritis, MS, Brainstem, cerebellum
Convergence-Retraction - Pretectum, dorsal midbrain, pinealom
Dissociated - Medial longitudinal fasciulus (MLF)
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