Tumors:
retinoblastoma
medulloepithelioma
leukemia
astrocytic hamartoma (retinal astrocytoma)
combined retinal hamartoma
Congenital:
persistent fetal vasculature
posterior coloboma
Norrie’s disease
incontinentia pigmenti
retinal dysplasia, cataract
Vascular disease:
retinopathy of prematurity (ROP),
Coat’s disease,
familial exudative vitreoretinopathy
Trauma:
vitreous hemorrhage
retinal detachment
Inflammatory:
toxocariasis
toxoplasmosis,
endophthalmitis
posterior uveitis